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    GFP Immunoprecipitation and Sample Preparation for Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) Mass Spectrometry Analysis

    Francesca Tonelli, Dario R Alessi, Prosenjit Pal, Raja S. Nirujogi

    Published: 2023-05-10 DOI: 10.17504/protocols.io.eq2ly7kxqlx9/v1
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    Abstract

    We describe a method to identify potential interactors of any Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) tagged protein expressed in mammalian cells by GFP immunoprecipitation coupled to Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) mass spectrometry analysis. As an example, we used a GFP-tagged phosphoRab interactor protein (RILPL1-GFP), and its non-binding mutant (RILPL1 [R293A]-GFP, which cannot interact with phosphorylated Rab proteins) as a control.

    Attachments

    710-1531.docx

    Steps

    Transient transfection of HEK293 cells

    1.

    Plate cells in 10 cm dishes (one dish for each experimental condition) to give a 60-70% confluency the following day (around 2.2 x 106cells seeded per 10 cm dish).

    Note
    Note : For cells stably expressing the GFP-tagged protein of interest, proceed to Preparation and quantification of cell lysates (when cells are 90-100% confluent).

    2.

    Prepare a transfection mix in a sterile 1.5ml Eppendorf tube, containing (for each 10 cm dish):

    AB
    FLAG-LRRK2 [Y1699C] plasmid3 µg
    wild type RILPL1-GFP or 2 µg [R293A] RILPL1-GFP plasmid2 µg
    HA-Rab8A [Q67L] plasmid1 µg
    1 mg/ml PEI Max 40K 18 µl
    OptiMem500 µl
    3.

    Mix by vortexing and incubate at Room temperature for 0h 20m 0s.

    4.

    Add the mixture dropwise to the cells from step 1 using a P1000 sterile pipette.

    5.

    Incubate cells at 37°C for 24h 0m 0s.

    Preparation and quantification of cell lysates

    6.

    Remove culture medium completely from each dish using an aspirator.

    7.

    Quickly rinse cells in the tissue culture dish by carefully pouring culture media without Foetal bovine serum (at Room temperature) into the dish.

    Note
    Note : As HEK293 cells are loosely attached to the dish surface, extra care should be taken during the washing step.

    8.

    Pour off media from the culture dish and completely aspirate any residual media.

    9.

    Immediately add 400µL of ice-cold complete lysis buffer to each dish ensuring that the entire surface is covered by lysis buffer.

    10.

    Transfer the plate On ice.

    11.

    Scrape the cells on the dish using a cell lifter to ensure all cells are detached from the dish.

    12.

    Using a pipette, transfer the lysate to a 1.5mL Eppendorf tube.

    13.

    Leave samples On ice for 20-30 minutes to allow for efficient lysis.

    14.

    Spin down lysates at 17000x g,4°C.

    15.

    Transfer supernatant to a new Eppendorf tube and discard the pellet.

    16.

    Proceed to estimating the protein concentration of cell lysates by Bradford assay according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

    Note
    Note: We recommend confirming the expression of the transiently expressed proteins by performing quantitative immunoblotting analysis as described in dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bsgrnbv6.

    Immunoprecipitation of GFP-tagged proteins from cell lysates

    17.

    Transfer n x 20µL of packed ChromoTek GFP-Trap Agarose Beads (where n = number of samples) into a low binding Eppendorf tube.

    18.

    Pellet the beads by centrifuging at 2500x g,4°C.

    19.

    Carefully aspirate the supernatant.

    20.

    Resuspend the beads in 1mL of IP wash buffer.

    21.

    Repeat steps 18 to 20 twice.

    22.

    Centrifuge at 2500x g,4°C and aspirate the supernatant.

    23.

    Resuspend beads from step 22 in n x 20µL of IP wash buffer (where n = number of samples) to make a 1:1 slurry.

    24.

    Aliquot the washed beads from step 23 into fresh low-binding Eppendorf tubes (40µL of slurry for each sample, corresponding to 20µL of packed ChromoTek GFP-Trap Agarose Beads). Leave the tubes On ice until use.

    25.

    For each sample, transfer 500µg lysate from step 15 to the washed beads.

    26.

    Incubate for 2h 0m 0s at 4°C under mild agitation (on an orbital shaker).

    27.

    Pellet the beads by centrifuging at 2500x g,4°C.

    28.

    Carefully aspirate the supernatant.

    29.

    Resuspend the beads in 1mL of IP wash buffer.

    30.

    Repeat steps 27 to 29 twice.

    31.

    Centrifuge at 2500x g,4°C and aspirate the supernatant.

    32.

    Immediately proceed to Elution and on-bead tryptic digestion of immunoprecipitated proteins .

    Elution and on-bead tryptic digestion of immunoprecipitated proteins

    33.

    Add 100µL of elution buffer I to the beads from step 32.

    34.

    Add 500ng of sequencing grade trypsin to the mixture and incubate on a Thermomixer at 800rpm.

    35.

    Centrifuge the mixture at 2500x g. Carefully transfer the supernatant to new Eppendorf tubes, being careful not to disturb the beads.

    36.

    Add 100µL of elution buffer II to the beads from step 35 and mix gently by tapping. Centrifuge the mixture at 2500x g. Carefully transfer the supernatant to the collection Eppendorf tubes from step 35, being careful not to disturb the beads.

    37.

    Incubate the Eppendorf tubes on the Thermomixer 800rpm 2h 0m 0s (or minimum of 12 hr).

    38.

    Add 1% (v/v) Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA) to the digested peptides from step 37. Incubate for 0h 5m 0s at Room temperature and centrifuge at 17000x g.

    Peptide clean-up using C18 stage-tips

    39.

    Prepare a C18 stage-tip for each sample as described in dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bs3tngnn .

    Note
    A minimum of two discs are recommended for each 200µL tip (assuming a peptide content of 5-10 µg).

    40.

    C18 stage tips activation : add 80µL of 100% ACN to each stage-tip and centrifuge at 2000x g.

    41.

    C18 stage tips equilibration : add 80µL of 0.1% TFA to each stage-tip and centrifuge at 2000x g.

    42.

    Repeat step 41.

    43.

    Transfer the C18 stage-tip to a new low-binding Eppendorf.

    44.

    Load the digested peptides from step 38 onto the C18 stage-tip from step 43 and centrifuge at 2000x g.

    45.

    Collect the flowthrough from step 44 and re-load onto the same C18 stage-tip. Centrifuge at 2000x g.

    46.

    Wash the C18 stage-tips by adding 80µL of 0.1% TFA and centrifuging at 2000x g.

    47.

    Repeat step 46.

    48.

    Transfer the C18 stage-tip to a new low-binding Eppendorf.

    49.

    Add 30µL of 30% (v/v) ACN in 0.1% (v/v) TFA to each stage-tip and centrifuge at 1000x g.

    50.

    Repeat step 49.

    51.

    Take 1-2µL of the digested peptides, vacuum dry and inject on MS to verify the digestion efficiency.

    Note
    Note: Analyse data with a (1 h 10 mins) gradient run-on QE HF-X or Orbitrap Lumos mass spectrometer in a FT-FT-HCD mode. Search data with Proteome Discoverer 2.1 or 2.4 version. Determine the digestion efficiency by plotting number of missed cleavages. Zero missed cleavages should be >75% and single missed cleavages should be between 20-23%.

    52.

    Vacuum dry completely the remaining peptides and store at -80°C until ready to undertake TMT labelling.

    Tandem Mass Tag Labelling

    53.

    Dissolve 800µg of each of the TMT mass tag reagents within the 11-plex TMT reagent kit in 40µL of 100% anhydrous acetonitrile to obtain a 20μg/μL concentration for each TMT reporter tag.

    54.

    Leave at Room temperature for 0h 10m 0s, then vortex and spin 2000x g.

    Note
    Note: Dissolved TMT reagents are prone to hydrolysis. Once reconstituted, aliquot and immediately transfer to -80°C for storage (up to six months). Avoid multiple freeze thaw cycles.

    55.

    Dissolve lyophilized peptides from step 52 in 50µL of a mixture containing 38µL 50millimolar (mM) TEAB buffer + 8µL 100% (by vol) anhydrous acetonitrile.

    Note
    Note : It is important to maintain a final 30% (by vol) of anhydrous Acetonitrile for an effective TMT reaction.

    56.

    Place the samples in a water bath sonicator for 0h 10m 0s.

    57.

    Centrifuge the samples 17000x g.

    58.

    Transfer dissolved peptides into a 1.5ml protein low binding Eppendorf tube.

    59.

    Add 10µL 20μg/μL TMT reagent i.e. 200µg aiming for a 1:1 mass ratio of peptide: TMT reagent.

    60.

    Give a gentle vortex and spin at 2000x g.

    61.

    Place samples on a Thermomixer and incubate with gentle agitation at 800rpm .

    62.

    Add another 50µL 50millimolar (mM) TEAB buffer to make a final 100µL reaction. Vortex, brief spin at 2000x g and incubate on a Thermomixer for 0h 10m 0s.

    Note
    Note : It is good practice to maintain the total volume to 100µL final reaction as this helps reducing pipetting error when aliquoting 5µL of sample for label check efficiency.

    63.

    In order to verify the TMT labelling efficiency of each TMT mass tag, take a 5µL aliquot from each of the TMT-labelled samples and pool the aliquots in a single tube. Vacuum dry immediately using a SpeedVac.

    Store the remaining 95µL at -80°C until the labelling efficiency has been verified.

    Note
    Note : It is important to verify the labelling efficiency of each TMT mass tag and it should label > 98%, by analysing on Mass spec. We recommend doing this employing a (2 h 25 min) FT-FT-MS2 study. This will establish that each reporter tag is efficiently labelled and ensure that an equal level of each peptide is labelled with each of the TMT tags. Search MS raw data with Proteome Discoverer 2.2 or 2.4 by enabling TMTreporter tag mass (+229.163 Da) on Lysine residue and Peptide N-terminus as dynamic modifications. Filter TMT labelled Peptide spectral matches (PSMs) in the modification tab to calculate the number of labelled and unlabelled PSMs to determine the labelling efficiency. Also, export PSM abundance in txt.file, to plot a Boxplot using R-software to determine the ~1:1 abundance within and between replicates.

    64.

    If the labelling efficiency is >98% and levels of each labelled peptide appear to be close to 1:1, then proceed with the below steps.

    65.

    Thaw stored TMT labelled samples from step 63 to Room temperature.

    66.

    Prepare 5% (by vol) final Hydroxyl amine solution by dissolving in water from a 50% (by vol) stock solution.

    67.

    Add 5µL 5% (by vol) Hydroxylamine to each sample to quench TMT reaction by incubating the reaction at Room temperature on a Thermomixer for 0h 20m 0s.

    68.

    Pool all samples into a single tube.

    69.

    Transfer 20% of the reaction to a new low-binding Eppendorf tube as a backup: snap freeze on dry ice and vacuum dry.

    Note
    Note : This can be used in case of sample loss during the downstream analysis or for further validation.

    70.

    Snap freeze the remaining 80% of the reaction and vacuum dry using Speed vac.

    Mini-basic RPLC fractionation

    71.

    Note
    To improve the proteomic coverage of TMT labelled interactome, we recommend performing a stage-tip based mini-bRP fractionation (as described in [1]) by performing the following steps.
    Prepare four C18 stage-tips as described in dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bs3tngnn .

    72.

    Label eight 1.5ml low-binding Eppendorf tubes as "Fraction 1" to "Fraction 8".

    73.

    Prepare 50mL of bRP stock solution (50millimolar (mM) Ammonium formate in Milli-Q H2O).

    74.

    Prepare Solvent A : Mix 20mL of bRP stock solution with 20mL of Milli-Q H2O (=25millimolar (mM) Ammonium formate in Milli-Q H2O).

    75.

    Prepare Solvent B : Mix 20mL of bRP stock solution with 20mL of 100% Acetonitrile (=25millimolar (mM) Ammonium formate in 50% ACN).

    76.

    Prepare elution solvents for fractionation (required in steps 92 and 93) as described in the table below.

    Prepare each elution solvent in a 2 ml Eppendorf tube.

    ABCDE
    Elution solvent # (Fraction number)Final ACN % in Elution solventSolvent A (ml)Total volume (ml)
    8100%100% ACN0N/A
    717.5%0.7 ml Solvent B (50% ACN)1.32.0
    615.0%1.2 ml Elution solvent 7 (17.5% ACN)0.21.4
    512.5%1.0 ml Elution solvent 6 (15.0% ACN)0.21.2
    410.0%0.8 ml Elution solvent 5 (12.5% ACN)0.21.0
    37.5%0.6 ml Elution solvent 4 (10.0% ACN)0.20.8
    25.0%0.4 ml Elution solvent 3 (7.5% ACN)0.20.6
    12.5%0.2 ml Elution solvent 2 (5.0% ACN)0.20.4
    77.

    Dissolve peptides from step 58 in 200µL of Solvent A.

    Note
    Note : Check the pH of the samples using a pH strip. Adjust to 10 by adding 0.5µL of 30% Ammonium hydroxide solution if necessary.

    78.

    Place samples on a Thermomixer at 1800rpm.

    79.

    Centrifuge sample at 17000x g.

    80.

    Transfer the supernatant into a new 1.5ml protein low-binding Eppendorf tube.

    81.

    Add 200µL of 100% ACN to the C18 stage-tips (Step 71) and centrifuge at 2500x g to activate the columns. Discard the flow through.

    82.

    Add 200µL of Solvent B to each column from step 81 and centrifuge at 2500x g. Discard the flow through.

    83.

    Add 200µL of Solvent A to each column from step 82 and centrifuge at 2500x g .

    84.

    Transfer the column to a new low-binding Eppendorf tube.

    85.

    Sample loading : Slowly load each sample (from step 80) onto a column (from step 84).

    86.

    Centrifuge at 1500x g.

    87.

    Collect the flowthrough from step 86 and slowly load onto the same column.

    88.

    Centrifuge at 1500x g.

    89.

    Transfer the column into a new 1.5ml Eppendorf tube.

    90.

    To wash the column, add 200µL of Solvent A to the column and centrifuge at 2500x g.

    91.

    Transfer the column into the tube labelled as “Fraction 1” (from step 72).

    92.

    Add 60µL of Elution solvent 1 (from step 76) to the column and centrifuge at 1500x g.

    93.

    Repeat steps 91 and 92 to generate Fraction 2 to Fraction 8. For each fraction, add 60 µl of the corresponding Elution solvent (from step 76) to the column and centrifuge at 1500x g.

    94.

    Pool the 8 fractions from steps 92 and 93 as follows (to generate 4 final fractions):

    • Pool fraction 1 and 5;
    • Pool fraction 2 and 6;
    • Pool fraction 3 and 7;
    • Pool fraction 4 and 8.
    95.

    Place fractions on dry ice and vacuum dry completely using a SpeedVac.

    LC-MS/MS analysis

    96.

    Dissolve each fraction from step 95 in 20µL of LC-buffer (3% (v/v) ACN, 0.1% (v/v) formic acid).

    97.

    Place samples on a Thermomixer at 1800rpm.

    98.

    Transfer 10µL of the sample from step 97 into a LC-vial for analysis (Step 99). The remaining sample can be stored at -80°C as a back-up.

    99.

    Perform LC-MS/MS analysis on an Orbitrap Lumos Tribrid mass spectrometer in MS3 mode. The mass spectrometer instrument settings in data acquisition are described in the table below.

    AB
    Application ModePeptide
    Method Duration (min)140
    Global Parameters
    Infusion ModeLiquid Chromatography
    Expected LC Peak Width (s)30
    Advanced Peak Determination   False
    Default Charge State2
    Internal Mass Calibration   Off
    Experiment#1 [MS]
    Start Time (min)0
    End Time (min)140
    Master Scan
    MS OT
    Detector Type   Orbitrap
    Orbitrap Resolution120000
    Mass Range   Normal
    Use Quadrupole Isolation   True
    Scan Range (m/z)   350-1500
    RF Lens (%)30
    AGC Target   Custom
    Normalized AGC Target (%)50
    Maximum Injection Time Mode   Custom
    Maximum Injection Time (ms)50
    Micro scans1
    Data Type   Profile
    Polarity   Positive
    Source Fragmentation   Disabled
    Scan Description  
    Filters
    MIPS
    Monoisotopic Peak Determination   Peptide
    Charge State
    Include charge state(s)   2-7
    Include undetermined charge states   False
    Dynamic Exclusion
    Use Common Settings   False
    Exclude after n times1
    Exclusion duration (s)45
    Mass Tolerance   ppm
    Low10
    High10
    Exclude Isotopes   True
    Perform dependent scan on single charge state per precursor only   True
    Intensity
    Filter Type   Intensity Threshold
    Intensity Threshold5.00E+03
    Data Dependent
    Data Dependent Mode   Number of Scans
    Number of Dependent Scans10
    Scan Event Type 1
    Scan
    ddMS² OT HCD
    Isolation Mode   Quadrupole
    Isolation Window (m/z)0.7
    Isolation Offset   Off
    Activation Type   HCD
    Collision Energy Mode   Fixed
    HCD Collision Energy (%)39
    Detector Type   Orbitrap
    Orbitrap Resolution30000
    Mass Range   Normal
    Scan Range Mode   Auto
    AGC Target   Standard
    Maximum Injection Time Mode   Custom
    Maximum Injection Time (ms)96
    Micro scans1
    Data Type   Centroid
    Use EASY-IC™   False
    Scan Description  
    Filters
    Precursor Selection Range
    Selection Range ModeMass Range
    Mass Range (m/z)   400-1200
    Precursor Ion Exclusion
    Exclusion mass width   ppm
    Low25
    High25
    Isobaric Tag Loss Exclusion
    Reagent   TMT
    Data Dependent
    Data Dependent ModeScans Per Outcome
    Scan Event Type 1
    Scan
    ddMS3 OT HCD
    MSⁿ Level3
    Synchronous Precursor Selection   True
    Number of SPS Precursors5
    MS Isolation Window (m/z)2
    MS2 Isolation Window (m/z)2
    Isolation Offset   Off
    Activation Type   HCD
    HCD Collision Energy (%)65
    Detector Type   Orbitrap
    Orbitrap Resolution50000
    Mass Range   Normal
    Scan Range Mode   Define m/z range
    Scan Range (m/z)   100-500
    AGC Target   Custom
    Normalized AGC Target (%)200
    Maximum Injection Time ModeCustom
    Maximum Injection Time (ms)120
    Micro scans1
    Data TypeProfile
    Use EASY-IC™False
    Scan Description  
    Number of Dependent Scans5
    100.

    The raw data was searched using MaxQuant version 1.6.6.0 using the parameters described below.

    AB
    ParameterValue
    Version1.6.6.0
    User nameRnirujogi
    Machine nameSILAC-MRC0
    Date of writing10/23/2019 21:11:33
    Include contaminantsTRUE
    PSM FDR0.01
    PSM FDR Crosslink0.01
    Protein FDR0.01
    Site FDR0.01
    Use Normalized Ratios For OccupancyTRUE
    Min. peptide Length7
    Min. score for unmodified peptides0
    Min. score for modified peptides40
    Min. delta score for unmodified peptides0
    Min. delta score for modified peptides6
    Min. unique peptides0
    Min. razor peptides1
    Min. peptides1
    Use only unmodified peptides andTRUE
    Modifications included in protein quantificationOxidation (M);Acetyl (Protein N-term);Deamidation (NQ)
    Peptides used for protein quantificationRazor
    Discard unmodified counterpart peptidesTRUE
    Label min. ratio count1
    Use delta scoreFALSE
    iBAQTRUE
    iBAQ log fitTRUE
    Match between runsTRUE
    Matching time window [min]0.7
    Match ion mobility window [indices]0.05
    Alignment time window [min]20
    Alignment ion mobility window [indices]1
    Find dependent peptidesFALSE
    Fasta fileD:\Database\HUMAN-Uniprot-150317_Custom7.FASTA
    Decoy moderevert
    Include contaminantsTRUE
    Advanced ratiosTRUE
    Fixed andromeda index folder
    Temporary folder
    Combined folder
    Second peptidesFALSE
    Stabilize large LFQ ratiosFALSE
    Separate LFQ in parameter groupsFALSE
    Require MS/MS for LFQ comparisonsFALSE
    Calculate peak propertiesFALSE
    Main search max. combinations200
    Advanced site intensitiesFALSE
    Write msScans tableTRUE
    Write msmsScans tableTRUE
    Write ms3Scans tableTRUE
    Write allPeptides tableTRUE
    Write mzRange tableTRUE
    Write pasefMsmsScans tableTRUE
    Write accumulatedPasefMsmsScans tableTRUE
    Max. peptide mass [Da]4600
    Min. peptide length for unspecific search8
    Max. peptide length for unspecific search25
    Razor protein FDRTRUE
    Disable MD5FALSE
    Max mods in site table3
    Match unidentified featuresFALSE
    Epsilon score for mutations
    Evaluate variant peptides separatelyTRUE
    Variation modeNone
    MS/MS tol. (FTMS)20 ppm
    Top MS/MS peaks per Da interval. (FTMS)12
    Da interval. (FTMS)100
    MS/MS deisotoping (FTMS)TRUE
    MS/MS deisotoping tolerance (FTMS)7
    MS/MS deisotoping tolerance unit (FTMS)ppm
    MS/MS higher charges (FTMS)TRUE
    MS/MS water loss (FTMS)TRUE
    MS/MS ammonia loss (FTMS)TRUE
    MS/MS dependent losses (FTMS)TRUE
    MS/MS recalibration (FTMS)FALSE
    MS/MS tol. (ITMS)0.5 Da
    Top MS/MS peaks per Da interval. (ITMS)8
    Da interval. (ITMS)100
    MS/MS deisotoping (ITMS)FALSE
    MS/MS deisotoping tolerance (ITMS)0.15
    MS/MS deisotoping tolerance unit (ITMS)Da
    MS/MS higher charges (ITMS)TRUE
    MS/MS water loss (ITMS)TRUE
    MS/MS ammonia loss (ITMS)TRUE
    MS/MS dependent losses (ITMS)TRUE
    MS/MS recalibration (ITMS)FALSE
    MS/MS tol. (TOF)40 ppm
    Top MS/MS peaks per Da interval. (TOF)10
    Da interval. (TOF)100
    MS/MS deisotoping (TOF)TRUE
    MS/MS deisotoping tolerance (TOF)0.01
    MS/MS deisotoping tolerance unit (TOF)Da
    MS/MS higher charges (TOF)TRUE
    MS/MS water loss (TOF)TRUE
    MS/MS ammonia loss (TOF)TRUE
    MS/MS dependent losses (TOF)TRUE
    MS/MS recalibration (TOF)FALSE
    MS/MS tol. (Unknown)0.5 Da
    Top MS/MS peaks per Da interval. (Unknown)8
    Da interval. (Unknown)100
    MS/MS deisotoping (Unknown)FALSE
    MS/MS deisotoping tolerance (Unknown)0.15
    MS/MS deisotoping tolerance unit (Unknown)Da
    MS/MS higher charges (Unknown)TRUE
    MS/MS water loss (Unknown)TRUE
    MS/MS ammonia loss (Unknown)TRUE
    MS/MS dependent losses (Unknown)TRUE
    MS/MS recalibration (Unknown)FALSE
    Site tablesDeamidation (NQ)Sites.txt;Oxidation (M)Sites.txt;Phospho (STY)Sites.txt

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